Friday, October 15, 2010

Chilie Teaches Best Lesson in Disaster Management in the Age of man Made Calamities!

Chilie Teaches Best Lesson in Disaster Management in the Age of man Made Calamities!

Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - FIVE Hundred  SIX

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

Chilie Teaches Best Lesson in Disaster Management in the Age of man Made Calamities!It is not just Chile's miners who have emerged into the light. It is the country, as a whole, over the past 20 years.

Disaster management in India is Horrible.

Rescue Operations are always Politicalised to get political Mileage or suitable Electoral Equation.

Now, only time will tell whether the legend of Los 33 and those who rescued them, will help improve conditions for Chile's miners!

But most relevant question remains unanswered whether we learn a lesson at all !

No applause , No appreciation would ever change neither Mining nor Disaster Management in general as far as India is Concerned!

Seventeen days after being entombed, 33 miners who survived on two days' rations unexpectedly gave a sign of life, tacking a hand-written note to the end of a drill that had reached their position.

The legend of "Los 33" was born. And so was a kind of reality show that would grip the globe for the following weeks. Camp Hope, a global village comprised of family members, rescuers and media vultures like me, sprang up at the surface.

Rest of the story is History Now! And pardon me, it is NOT Miracle as we Indians believe in Miracles Mythologically and depend too much on Destiny skipping liability and accountabiliy, commitment and responsibility!

All 33 miners rescue came to surface,not only Chilie but Humanity worldwide celebrates!A thousand, thousand, we have to celebrate: the vuvuzelas of South Africa. "Copiapo on the streets of vendors announce plastic trumpets ringing filled stadiums in the football World...

Washisgton Post reports:

CHILEAN MINERS' rescue from a 69-day ordeal was an enthralling story in many of its aspects, from the drama of men trapped underground to the anxiety of their waiting families to the precarious but ultimately successful rescue operation. But we also found it inspiring for what it said about Chile, and the rewards it has reaped from a 20-year record as Latin America's most-free country.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/14/AR2010101405985.html


It reminds me my early days of professional Journalism in Dhanbad where I landed from the Himalayas after an interlude of attmempts made to enhance my academic career in Allahabad and JNU,New Delhi.

I was interested to lear about Indian Production system, Industrial Management and Nationality Movement  for a while.

I had no Plan to become a Journalist in my student life despite contributing to newspapers reporting environmental issues in the Himalayas.

It was the Coal Field which trapped me in the unwanted profession which killed my career.

I was a Novice in Print media.

I was assigned on desk. But the newspaper, Dainik Awaz could not afford specialisation.

I had to do tasks in reporting also which was mainly related to Mining.

Coal India recently Nationalised then was an empire. I was dealing with Mines accidents and working conditions in the Coal belt.

Simply the Coal india officials challenged my knowledge about Mining.

I was too young. I took it as a Challenge and engaged myself in learning Mining.

I joined classes and workshops in Indian School of Mines and CMRS. I concentrated on reporting on Mining which remains Hazardous even after Thirty Years Passed.

I had to witness Mining accidents and Rescue Operations. I also reported accidents in the Illegal Mines for which NO Rescue operation was needed. It was very hard to trace the DEAD and their Kith and Kin. Administration and Coal India Officials had specialised to hush up all the accidents.

Dhanbad had already witnessed Chasnala Accident just because the Colliery Manager and Agent, Mining Engineers had indulged in Party Enjoyments and the Miners had to do all the works assigned for them without any technical Expertise.

The surveyer had alerted of the Danger of water Logging. The Officials did not notice.

The Accident was Horrible. Equally Horrible was the Rescue Operation.

In Topa coliery Accident, the Mining sardar was made the scapegoats.

I also watched the Coal India Officials hiding Deaths in accident as in Horladih.

I had to go around the Mines inflicted with Underground Fire and subsidence. Miners were treated as Animals.

Nothing has changed since!

No investigation, No court of Enquiry may set the Systme streamlined.

Every report pointed on the Fault of God.

Disasters, often Man Made, still are considered PREDESTNED.

We just count the Death toll!

But Chilie has shown the Light in the Darkest Part , Most Hazardous Job Front!

Would we expect any change in India?

I am  afraid say that we may NOT!

Coal India used every means to handle the situation in cases of Illegal Mining, Accidents, trade Union Movement and Corruptions. Mafia War had been the Identity of Coal belt. Mafia bloomed in the Free Heaven supported by Media and Politics. As the corrupt and erring officials, the Mafia PUMP the huge Money injected in the Sector after Nationalisation, equally in Politics and Media.

I had a very good reputaion all over the Coal belt. As itried to expose the ROT technically which could not be contradicted. At a point, Coal India officially announced that Mining Accidents may not be stopped as it Mining remains always Hazardous.

I had to leave DHANBAD not for Better Job as I had already skipped Better Opportunities due to my Ideology and Commitment. But I was being stopped at every point. The management of the News paper  itself indulged itself in Coal Business beside the heavy Pressure of paid news and Advertisement. I was being sidelined. I had been writing pages after pages daily. But the Management banned me reporting on caol and mines. Thus, I was being discredited all over the coal belt. My people assumed that I had been purchased. They would visit me from any corner of the region just to abuse me.It was an EXPERIENCE!

I had to leave Coal Field and learnt a lesson that it is my job only. I had not to identify myself with my working place. Hence, only a few now do know about my workplace which I never do disclose. I also stopped to write with byline.

Something went terribly wrong two-and-a-half months ago when the roof of a century-old gold and copper mine collapsed in a remote desert. But since then, everything else has gone spectacularly right.



Food, necessities and some luxuries were lowered to the prisoners of the earth and a video link from inside their dungeon quenched their thirst for communication, as well as the outside world's appetite for news.

By the time the rough-and-tumble men were hauled to the surface one by one in a steel capsule on Wednesday, their ordeal had come to encapsulate so much more.

The saga of "Los 33" is a testament to human endurance, to the sustaining power of faith, and to the prowess of technology.

Never before had so deep an escape tunnel — 622 metres — been drilled. Never before had a trio of such diverse, massive drills been deployed side by side. Never before had men been trapped underground for so long — 69 days — and lived to testify.

How these survivors will fare in the limelight as the media machine now mines their stories and pays handsomely for the dirty details remains to be seen. Publicity corrupts and absolute publicity corrupts absolutely.

But let's not allow any of that, if it happens, to overshadow the success of the operation, which is a matter of national pride for Chileans — and rightly so.

Quite simply, the Chilean government did all the right things, sparing no expense or effort in extricating the miners.

More important, it did not let misplaced pride get in the way. Too many countries tragically shun outside aid if they are more concerned with saving face than with saving lives.

Chile responded with confidence, seeking out the best in the business, who did not disappoint. In a show of co-operation among global competitors, no less than 20 mining firms from a half-dozen countries were tapped for their expertise and cutting-edge equipment, including a Canadian team that joined the race to drill a rescue shaft. Even NASA specialists pitched in.

The drama in the desert is now over, but the template remains: international solidarity being put to excellent use by competent national leadership.

There is more to celebrate here than a human-interest story with a happy ending. There is an unfolding human-rights story, too. Chile used to be a dark place where the bodies of dissidents — "the disappeared" — were tossed like junk out of helicopters into the Pacific Ocean. No longer.




Five minutes to midnight: Chile shows the way (Comment)

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In the last two decades when the world has been plagued by terrorism, violence, war, poverty, disease and natural disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes, the pictures of the amazing operation of rescue of 33 miners trapped in the copper and gold mine in Copiapo in San Hose, Chile, will probably go down as this decade's best loved story.

The synergy of what a determined government, a united people, a positive community and support of science and technology from the international community can together achieve, was up for all to see. Pulling out 33 miners alive from 700 metres or 2,000 feet below the earth, 69 days after a rockfall trapped them in the tunnel, in an operation that could have cost over 10 million dollars, will surely go down in human history as nothing short of the triumph of the human spirit. In fact the euphoria of such an achievement could for many even surpass the thrill of man first landing on the moon.

From the very first miner who came up at five minutes to midnight on Oct 13 to the last rescuer who came up at 20 minutes past midnight on Oct 14, the entire operation was picture perfect.

Chilean President Sebastian Pinera, who backed the rescue with his Mining Minister Laurence Golborne, reaped immediate political benefit. While the president's popularity in the country went up from 56 to 70 percent, the mining minister's popularity soared to 87 percent. The manner in which the miners were located 16 days after they had been trapped in the mine, the manner in which for the next 53 days they were kept nourished, their health parameters monitored as well as the air quality, the lifeline of contact with the outside world with TV screens, cameras and other communication tools and finally the breakthrough when Plan B shaft reached them - all that was an amazing feat. The help provided by US space agency NASA was invaluable.

'It has been a very humbling experience for us - we have realised the value of commitment - the miners have given us huge faith, unity,' President Pinera told the BBC in an interview.

Headed by a conservative government whose president is one of the three billionaire presidents in the world (Berlusconi and Asif Ali Zardari being the other two according to reports), Chile's inequality index, the gini co-efficient, is at 57. There are many challenges of inequality, regional disparities and indigenous rebellion like that of the Mapuche.

As I watched the amazing rescue operations on BBC and CNN, I had to resign myself sadly to the fact that such a scenario would never have played out if miners in India had got trapped in a similar circumstance.

My having gone down into the Champion Reef in the Kolar Gold Fields with miners to cover mining stories in the past has brought me up close to the wretched and dangerous conditions that they worked in to extract gold for our country. The Champion Reef mine in KGF is the world's second deepest mine, going down to 3.2 km. Rock blasts, air blasts and fires have killed many miners in KGF since the British started operations in a systematic way in 1850.

In 2004 when the mines finally closed there was hardly any sympathy forthcoming from our political class towards the fourth generation miners whose livelihood had suddenly been snatched from them. At the time of closing KGF had about a 3,800-strong workforce and around 200,000 people were dependent on the mining activities in some way or another in KGF. 'Little England' - as the KGF mining town was known - fell from India's map and the miners were simply forgotten. The suffering of the KGF miners has been documented in newspaper reports, television stories and documentary films.

I have personally seen girl children as young as five years old working on surface iron ore open cast mines in Bellary in Karnataka. Academics have noted that women and children are the worst exploited, and among them tribal and Dalit women, in India's mines. It is estimated that in the age group of 5 to 14, females form 40 percent of the workforce.

At a National Consultation on Impacts of Mining on Women in India held in Orissa in February this year, the findings from a national-level study on the problems of and impact on women affected by mining activities in India were presented. Case studies from five states - Orissa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh - which included experiences from the alumina plant area in Niyamgiri in Orissa, coal mine projects in Hazaribagh, iron ore mines in Karnataka and Maharastra and dolomite and limestone mining in Orissa, reflected concerns about low wages, mine accidents, health problems, poor living conditions and pollution of the environment.

The rot in the Indian mining industry runs deep - and where is the political will to clean up the act?

Already there are murmers in social media after the Chile rescue from Chinese people that their government does not do enough for miners in their country. The accident rate in China's coal mines is said to be the highest in the world.

The San Jose mine rescue has shown that science and technology has unbridled power to help modern society. Satellite imagery is useless if we cannot predict that there is going to be a flood in our country or neighbouring Bangladesh or Pakistan (it is more difficult to predict earthquakes) and that we should share this imagery so that we can minimise human suffering.

The script is there for all to emulate from San Jose. It will depend which governments will be inspired.

(Nupur Basu is an independent journalist, documentary filmmaker and media educator. She can be contacted at nupbasu@gmail.com)

List of industrial disasters

                                                                       
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This article lists notable industrial disasters, which are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or incompetence. They are a form of industrial accident where great damage, injury or loss of life are caused.
Other disasters can also be considered industrial disasters, if their causes are rooted in the products or processes of industry. For example, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was made more severe due to the heavy concentration of lumber industry, wood houses, fuel and other chemicals in a small area.
The largest industrial disaster to date is the Bhopal Disaster.

Contents

[hide]


[edit] Chemical industry

  • September 21, 1921: Oppau explosion in Germany. Occurred when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau, now part of Ludwigshafen, Germany, killing 500–600 people and injuring about 2,000 more.
  • 1932-1968: The Minamata disaster was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds in Minamata Bay, Japan. The Chisso Corporation, a fertilizer and later petrochemical company, was found responsible for polluting the bay for 37 years. It is estimated that over 3,000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease.
  • April 16, 1947: Texas City Disaster, Texas. At 9:15 AM an explosion occurred aboard a docked ship named the Grandcamp. The explosion, and subsequent fires and explosions, is referred to as the worst industrial disaster in America. A minimum of 578 people lost their lives and another 3,500 were injured as the blast shattered windows from as far away as 25 mi (40 km). Large steel pieces were thrown more than a mile from the dock. The origin of the explosion was fire in the cargo on board the ship. Detonation of 3,200 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer aboard the Grandcamp led to further explosions and fires. The fertilizer shipment was to aid the struggling farmers of Europe recovering from World War II. Although this industrial disaster was one of the largest involving ammonium nitrate, many others have been reported including a recent one in North Korea.
  • 1948: A chemical tank wagon explosion within the BASF's Ludwigshafen, Germany site caused 207 fatalities.
  • June 1, 1974: Flixborough disaster, England. An explosion at a chemical plant near the village of Flixborough kills 28 people and seriously injures another 36.
  • July 10, 1976: Seveso disaster, in Seveso, Italy, in a small chemical manufacturing plant of ICMESA. Due to the release of dioxins into the atmosphere and throughout a large section of the Lombard Plain, 3,000 pets and farm animals died and, later, 70,000 animals were slaughtered to prevent dioxins from entering the food chain. In addition, 193 people in the affected areas suffered from chloracne and other symptoms. The disaster lead to the Seveso Directive, which was issued by the European Community and imposed much harsher industrial regulations.
  • December 3, 1984: The Bhopal disaster in India is the largest industrial disaster on record. A faulty tank containing poisonous methyl isocyanate leaked at a Union Carbide plant. About 20,000 people died and about 570,000 suffered bodily damage.[1] The disaster caused the region's human and animal populations severe health problems to the present.
  • November 1, 1986: The Sandoz disaster in Schweizerhalle, Switzerland, releasing tons of toxic agrochemicals into the Rhine.
  • June 28, 1988: Auburn, Indiana, improper mixing of chemicals kills four workers at a local metal-plating plant in the worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history; a fifth victim died two days later.[2]
  • October 23, 1989: Phillips Disaster. Explosion and fire killed 23 and injured 314 in Pasadena, Texas. Registered 3.5 on the Richter scale.
  • September 21, 2001: Toulouse, France. An explosion at the AZF fertilizer factory killed 29 and injured 2,500. Extensive structural damage to nearby neighbourhoods.
  • October 4, 2010: Alumina plant accident. Ajka, Kolontár, Devecser and several other settlements, Hungary. The dam of Magyar Aluminium Zrt.'s red mud reservoir broke and the escaping highly toxic and alkaline (~pH 13) sludge flooded several settlements. There were nine victims including a little girl and hundreds of injuries (mostly chemical burns).

[edit] Construction industry

  • January 20, 1909: Chicago Crib Disaster. During the construction of a water intake tunnel for the city of Chicago, a fire broke out on a temporary water crib used to access an intermediate point along the tunnel. The fire began in the dynamite magazine and burned the wooden dormitory that housed the tunnel workers. 46 workers survived the fire by jumping into the lake and climbing onto ice floes or the spoil heap near the crib. 29 men were burned beyond recognition, and approximately 60 men died. Most of the remainder drowned or froze to death in the lake and were not recovered.[3][4][5]
  • April 27, 1978: Willow Island disaster. A cooling tower for a power plant under construction in Willow Island, West Virginia collapsed, killing 51 construction workers. The cause was attributed to placing loads on recently poured concrete before it had cured sufficiently to withstand the loads. It is thought to be the largest construction accident in United States history.[6]

[edit] Defense industry


[edit] Energy industry

  • May 1962: The Centralia, Pennsylvania coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues to burn in the abandoned borough in 2010, 48 years later.
  • March 1967: The Torrey Canyon oil supertanker was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, England, causing an environmental disaster. This was the first major oil spill at sea.
  • March 28, 1979: Three Mile Island accident. Partial nuclear meltdown. Mechanical failures in the non-nuclear secondary system, followed by a stuck-open pilot-operated relief valve (PORV) in the primary system, allowed large amounts of reactor coolant to escape. Plant operators initially failed to recognize the loss of coolant, resulting in a partial meltdown. The reactor was brought under control but not before up to 481 PBq (13 million curies) of radioactive gases were released into the atmosphere.[7]
  • June 3, 1979: Ixtoc I oil spill, The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second largest accidental spill in history.
  • November 20, 1980: A Texaco oil rig drilled into a salt mine transforming the Lake Peigneur, a freshwater lake before the accident, into a salt water lake.
  • July 23, 1984: Romeoville, Illinois, Union Oil refinery explosion kills 19 people.
  • April 26, 1986: Chernobyl disaster. At the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Prypiat, Ukraine a test on reactor number four goes out of control, resulting in a nuclear meltdown. The ensuing steam explosion and fire killed up to 50 people with estimates that there may be up to 4,000 additional cancer deaths over time among the approximately 600,000 most highly exposed people.[8][9]. Fallout could be detected as far away as Canada. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, covering portions of Belarus and Ukraine surrounding Prypiat, remains poisoned and mostly uninhabited. Prypiat itself was totally evacuated and remains as a ghost town.
  • May 5, 1988: Norco, Louisiana, Shell Oil refinery explosion after hydrocarbon gas escaped from a corroded pipe in a catalytic cracker and was ignited. Louisiana state police evacuated 2,800 residents from nearby neighborhoods. Seven workers were killed and 42 injured. The total cost arising from the Norco blast is estimated at US$ 706 million.
  • July 6, 1988: Piper Alpha disaster. An explosion and resulting fire on a North Sea oil production platform kills 167 men. Total insured loss is about US$ 3.4 billion. To date it is rated as the world's worst offshore oil disaster in terms both of lives lost and impact to industry.
  • March 24, 1989: Exxon Valdez oil spill. The Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker bound for Long Beach, California, hits Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef dumping an estimated minimum 10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million litres, or 250,000 barrels) of crude oil into the sea. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters ever to occur in history.[10] 100,000 to as many as 250,000 seabirds died as well as at least 2,800 sea otters, approximately 12 river otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, and billions of salmon and herring eggs were destroyed.[11] Overall reductions in population have been seen in various ocean animals, including stunted growth in pink salmon populations.[12] Sea otters and ducks also showed higher death rates in following years, partially because they ingested prey from contaminated soil and from ingestion of oil residues on hair due to grooming.[13] The effects of the spill continue to be felt 20 years later.
  • March 23, 2005: Texas City Refinery explosion. An explosion occurred at a British Petroleum refinery in Texas City, Texas. It is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nation's gasoline supply. Over 100 were injured, and 15 were confirmed dead, including employees of the Fluor Corporation as well as BP. BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to the accident. Several level indicators failed, leading to overfilling of a knock out drum, and light hydrocarbons concentrated at ground level throughout the area. A nearby running diesel truck set off the explosion.
  • December 11, 2005: Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire. A series of explosions at the Buncefield oil storage depot, described as the largest peacetime explosion in Europe, devastated the terminal and many surrounding properties. There were no fatalities. Total damages have been forecast as £750 million.
  • February 7, 2010: 2010 Connecticut power plant explosion. A large explosion occurred at a Kleen Energy Systems 620-megawatt, Siemens combined cycle gas- and oil- fired power plant in Middletown, Connecticut, United States. Preliminary reports attributed the cause of the explosion to a test of the plant's energy systems.[14] The plant was still under construction and scheduled to start supplying energy in June 2010.[15] The number of injuries was eventually established to be 27.[16] Five people died in the explosion.[17]
  • April 20, 2010: Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. 11 oil platform workers died in an explosion and fire that resulted in a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, considered the largest offshore spill in U.S. history.[18]

[edit] Food industry


[edit] Manufacturing industry


[edit] Mining industry

  • March 10, 1906: Courrières mine disaster in Courrières, France. 1,099 workers died, including children, in the worst mine accident ever in Europe.
  • April 26, 1942: Benxihu Colliery disaster in Benxi, Liaoning, China. 1,549 workers died, in the worst coal mine accident ever in the world.
  • May 28, 1965: 1965 Dhanbad coal mine disaster took place in Jharkhand, India, killing over 300 miners.
  • October 21, 1966: Aberfan disaster was a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil-tip that occurred in the Welsh village of Aberfan, killing 116 children and 28 adults.
  • January 30, 2000: Baia Mare cyanide spill took place in Baia Mare, Romania. The accident, called the worst environmental disaster in Europe since Chernobyl, was a release of 100,000 tons of cyanide contaminated water by a Aurul mining company due to reservoir broke into the rivers Someş, Tisza and Danube. Although no human fatalities were reported, the leak killed up to 80% of aquatic life of some of the affected rivers.

[edit] See also


[edit] References

  1. ^ Tiems of India.In Context, Bhopal Disaster.
  2. ^ Joseph A. Kinney and William G. Mosley, "Death on the Job," The Multinational Monitor, April 1990, v. 11, no. 4, citing a report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
  3. ^ Chicago's Horrible Crib Disaster, Popular Mechanics, Vol. XI, No. 3 (March 1909); page 193.
  4. ^ Peter M. Hoffman, Safety First, The Chicago Medical Recorder, Vol. 35, No. 12 (Dec 1913); the corroner's first-person account.
  5. ^ George F. Samuel, Southwest Land and Lake Tunnel, Annual Report, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Department of Public Works to the City Council of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909, Amberg, 1910.
  6. ^ Willow Island Cooling Tower
  7. ^ Walker, J. Samuel (2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23940-7.
  8. ^ "IAEA Report". In Focus: Chernobyl. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/Chernobyl/. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
  9. ^ Finn, Peter (2005-09-06). "Chernobyl's Harm Was Far Less Than Predicted, U.N. Report Says". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/05/AR2005090501144.html. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
  10. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About the Spill". Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/history/faq.cfm. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  11. ^ "Exxon Valdez: Ten years on". BBC News. 1999-03-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/298608.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
  12. ^ Williamson, David (December 18, 2003). "Exxon Valdez oil spill effects lasting far longer than expected, scientists say". UNC/News (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). http://www.unc.edu/news/archives/dec03/peters121803.html. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  13. ^ "Exxon Valdez oil spill still a threat: study". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. May 17, 2006. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2006/05/17/1640469.htm. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  14. ^ "Witness To Middletown Explosion: 'There Are Bodies Everywhere'". The Hartford Courant. 7 February 2010. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/wire/hc-middletown-explosion-0207,0,4493539.story. Retrieved 2010-02-07. [dead link]
  15. ^ Allen, Nick (7 February 2010). "Connecticut gas explosion at power plant 'leaves up to 50 dead'". London: Telegraph Media Group Limited. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7183316/Connecticut-gas-explosion-at-power-plant-leaves-up-to-50-dead.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
  16. ^ "Mourners Grieve At Funerals For Connecticut Workers Who Died In Power Plant Explosion". Hartford Courant. 13 February 2010. http://www.courant.com/community/middletown/power-plant-explosion/hc-middletown-explosion-worker-funerals-0213,0,6708924.story. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
  17. ^ "Mayor office: 5 known dead in Conn. explosion". The Associated Press. 7 February 2010. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/top/all/6855982.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07. [dead link]
  18. ^ "Gulf oil spill now largest offshore spill in U.S. history as BP continues plug effort". USA Today. 2010-05-27. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-05-27-oil-spill-news_N.htm?csp=34news. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  19. ^ "Washburn 'A' Mill Explosion". Library: History Topics. Minnesota Historical Society. http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/73washburn.html. Retrieved 2010-03-16.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_industrial_disasters"
                                                                 
Categories: Industrial accidents and incidents | Disaster lists

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Severity analysis of Indian coal mine accidents – A retrospective study for 100 years



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J. Maiti a, a and P.K. Raya
aDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Midnapur, West Bengal 721302, India
Received 7 June 2008;
revised 22 October 2008;
accepted 21 November 2008.
Available online 1 January 2009.

Abstract

A retrospective study on severity analysis of Indian coal mines accidents for 100 years was done considering fatal and serious accidents and the resulting causalities. The impact of recommendations based on safety conferences and committees over the years was studied. An event evaluation algorithm (EEA) was developed for this purpose. The hazard rate functions and cumulative risk functions for major hazards in Indian coal mines were developed. The study evaluated the status of safety level as well as the scope of improvement for Indian coal mines safety.
Keywords: Severity analysis; Hazard rate functions; Cumulative risk profile; Hotelling's T2; Event evaluation algorithm (EEA)

Article Outline

1.
Introduction
2.
Identification of hazards
3.
Evaluation of hazard rate functions
4.
Evaluation of cumulative risk of major hazards
5.
Evaluation of cumulative risk for important safety performance measures
6.
Evaluation of effectiveness of safety actions and measures
6.1. Method of evaluation
6.2. Event evaluation algorithm (EEA) for data analysis
6.3. Results
7.
Implications for management control
7.1. Major hazard evaluation
7.2. Cumulative risk of fatal and serious accidents and resulting causalities
7.3. Effects of safety actions and measures
8.
Limitations and Future Investigation
Acknowledgements
References

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Fig. 1. Hazard rate functions for all hazards with four or more fatalities.

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Fig. 2. Cumulative risk for all hazards with four or more fatalities.

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Fig. 3. Cumulative risk of four or more fatalities from major accidents.

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Fig. 4. Cumulative risk for number of accidents (1951–2006). NOTE: Pr(X) is the probability of occurrence of X or less number for each of the five variables shown in the figure.

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Fig. 5. Trends of fatal accidents and fatalities in Indian coal mines (1951–2006).

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Fig. 6. Trends of serious accidents and injuries in Indian coal mines (1951–2006).

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Table 1.
Weibull fits for time between major accidents for all hazards (1901–2005).

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Table 2.
Poisson fits for number of major accidents per year for all hazards (1901–2005).

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Table 3.
Hazard-wise probability of atleast one major accident per year in Indian coal mines.

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Table 4.
Hazard-wise maximum possible (99%) number of major accident per year in Indian coal mines.

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Table 5.
Negative binomial fits for four or more fatalities from major accidents (1901–2005).

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Table 6.
Negative binomial fits for fatal accidents, fatalities and other variables (1951–2006).

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Table 7.
Number of fatal and serious accidents, fatalities and serious injuries with 95% and 5% probability levels in Indian coal mines (1951–2006).

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Table 8.
Recommendations in safety conferences (adapted from Kejriwal, 2002).
a In 1990, Paul committee was instituted to look after roof and side fall accidents for their reduction.

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Table 9.
Periods for evaluation of conference effects.

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Table 10.
Two-population mean difference test for periods between conferences (significant values shown in bold type).

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Table 11.
Effect of safety measures based on conferences on reducing fatalities and serious injuries in coal mines.

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Table 12.
Effect of 2nd conference on periods P5 and P6.

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Table 13.
Effect of 5th conference on periods P6, P7, and P8.

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Table 14.
Effect of 6th and 7th conferences (combined) on periods P7 and P8.

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Table 15.
Effect of 8th conference on period P8.

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Table 16.
Effect of 9th conference on period P8.

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Table 17.
Summary including time lag.irectorate General of Mines Safety - India - Home Page
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Safety Science
Volume 47, Issue 7, August 2009, Pages 1033-1042


Chile's mine rescue caps record of successes
   
Network News



CHILEAN MINERS' rescue from a 69-day ordeal was an enthralling story in many of its aspects, from the drama of men trapped underground to the anxiety of their waiting families to the precarious but ultimately successful rescue operation. But we also found it inspiring for what it said about Chile, and the rewards it has reaped from a 20-year record as Latin America's most-free country.

Brazil and Venezuela get much of the attention that has been directed at South America in recent years -- the former for its supposed emergence as a global economic giant and the latter for its alleged commitment to "21st-century socialism." It's not often enough recognized that Chile, which has embraced free markets and free trade to a far greater extent than has Brazil, has grown twice as fast over the past two decades and become far richer and more competitive in world markets.

Chile also has done a far better job attacking its poverty than Venezuela and other nations that claim that as their first priority: It has halved its poverty rate twice since 1987 and now counts less than 20 percent of its population as poor, compared with nearly 40 percent in Venezuela and 31 percent in Brazil. Politically, its democracy has produced pragmatic and effective governments and a robust free press.

All that helps explain why the rescue of 33 miners trapped more than 2,000 feet below ground in the middle of a desert could succeed. The government of President Sebastián Piñera, a successful entrepreneur, quickly committed itself to the politically risky goal of saving the trapped men. Thanks to Chile's openness to the world and embrace of entrepreneurship, it was able to effectively deploy cutting-edge technologies. There were special cellphones from Korea, flexible fiber-optic cable from Germany and advice from NASA on the construction of a rescue capsule. Perhaps most significant, a private mining company with Japanese and British investors paid for the U.S.-manufactured drilling rig and drill bits that managed to penetrate through rock in record time.
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The world was riveted by the extraction of the miners on Wednesday in large part because more than 750 journalists traveled to the site from around the globe, taking advantage of Chile's media freedom. Most of those who watched were no doubt focused on the emerging miners. But let's hope they learned a little as well about an emerging Latin American success story.

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